SIBO occurs when excessive bacteria — normally found in the large intestine — begin to grow in the small intestine. This imbalance disrupts digestion and nutrient absorption, often leading to symptoms such as bloating, gas, abdominal pain, and irregular bowel movements.

Over time, the bacterial overgrowth can damage the intestinal lining, contributing to leaky gut, food sensitivities, and inflammation. If left untreated, chronic SIBO can progress to more complex imbalances like IMO (Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth).

SIFO happens when an overgrowth of fungi, most commonly Candida species, develops in the small intestine. This fungal imbalance often coexists with SIBO and can cause persistent bloating, fatigue, sugar cravings, brain fog, and abdominal discomfort.

Fungal overgrowth can result from long-term antibiotic use, high-sugar diets, or weakened immune and digestive function. Addressing SIFO typically involves targeted anti-fungal therapies, gut repair, and lifestyle changes that restore microbial balance.

LIBO refers to bacterial imbalances that occur primarily in the large intestine (colon), where most of our gut bacteria reside.

While the large intestine naturally hosts many beneficial microbes, problems arise when harmful bacteria dominate or beneficial species decline. This dysbiosis can cause bloating, constipation or diarrhea, inflammation, and nutrient malabsorption.

LIBO is often linked to chronic stress, poor diet, low fiber intake, and reduced gut motility. Restoring balance focuses on dietary fiber, probiotics, and supporting healthy digestion.

IMO involves an overgrowth of methane-producing microorganisms known as archaea — not technically bacteria, but part of the gut microbiome.

These archaea can slow intestinal transit, often leading to constipation, bloating, and gas. IMO is sometimes considered a subtype or progression of SIBO, since both occur in the small intestine but involve different microbes.

Treatment often includes targeted antimicrobial or herbal protocols, prokinetic support (to improve gut motility), and dietary adjustments to reduce methane production and restore balance.